The University of Southampton

- Event

Date:
6th of May, 2022  @  13:00 - 14:15
Venue:
Teams

Event details

​We investigate the θ-vacuum structure and the 't Hooft anomaly at θ=π in a simple quantum mechanical system on S1 to scrutinize the applicability of the functional renormalization group (fRG) approach. Even though the fRG is an exact formulation, a naive application of the fRG equation would miss contributions from the θ term due to the differential nature of the formulation. We first review this quantum mechanical system on S1 that is solvable with both the path integral and the canonical quantization. We discuss how to construct the quantum effective action including the θ dependence. Such an explicit calculation poses a subtle question of whether a Legendre transform is well defined or not for general systems with the sign problem. We then consider a deformed theory to relax the integral winding by introducing a wine-bottle potential with the finite depth ∝g, so that the original S1 theory is recovered in the g→∞ limit. We numerically solve the energy spectrum in the deformed theory as a function of g and θ in the canonical quantization. We test the efficacy of the simplest local potential approximation (LPA) in the fRG approach and find that the correct behavior of the ground state energy is well reproduced for small θ. When the energy level crossing is approached, the LPA flow breaks down and fails in describing the ground state degeneracy expected from the 't Hooft anomaly. We finally turn back to the original theory and discuss an alternative formulation using the Villain lattice action. The analysis with the Villain lattice at θ=π indicates that the nonlocality of the effective action is crucial to capture the level crossing behavior of the ground states.

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Published: 17 March 2022
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(L-R) Stephen, Alexander, Stefano and Pasquale

Hundreds of the world's top particle physicists will gather at Southampton next year when Physics and Astronomy at the University of Southampton hosts a prestigious international conference.

The 30th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY) 2023 is one of the world's largest gatherings of particle physicists and focuses on news ideas in the fundamental interactions of elementary particles.

Up to 400 people from around the globe are expected at the event to review and discuss recent research in theoretical, phenomenological, astrophysical and experimental aspects of supersymmetric theories and all other approaches to physics beyond the standard model.

Conference Co-Chairs Professor Stefano Moretti and Professor Stephen King, who are both members of Southampton High Energy Physics (SHEP) research group, are delighted that the conference is being held at Southampton in July 2023 - only the fourth time it has been held in the UK.

Stefano says: "SHEP is one of the largest particle physics research groups in the UK with a strong interest in Supersymmetry. We are known worldwide for our work and being selected as hosts of the SUSY 2023 conference is recognition of this international reputation."

Stephen adds: "We have more than 30 years of research experience in SUSY, including pioneering papers in the 1990s on non-minimal SUSY models which suggested at the time that the Higgs boson (the giver of mass to all elementary particles) should be heavier than expected in the minimal SUSY model. Such a heavier Higgs boson was discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN."

Supersymmetry is one of the most important ideas ever conceived in particle physics. It is one of the most elegant and promising extensions of the standard model, with the ability to resolve many of its puzzles naturally. Major experimental efforts, including low energy probes, collider searches and dark matter experiments, are ongoing to search for Supersymmetry in Nature.

The event will include two sections:

- The 30th International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions, which is aimed at established physicists who will review and discuss recent research on all aspects of SUSY.

- The pre-conference School on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Forces, which is aimed at early stage researchers from around the globe to learn the basics of Supersymmetry.

Stefano adds: "It promises to be an exciting event where maybe some SUSY discovery will be announced or debated. Most of the data collected at CERN this spring will be analysed during the winter and the results will be available in the run-up to the conference."

Southampton colleagues Professor Alexander Belyaev and Professor Pasquale Di Bari will add their expertise in LHC phenomenology and cosmology to the event, as members of the local organising committee.

Details on registration will be published in due course.

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